Ebola Virus Disease: Hematologic Insights and Public Health Innovations- A Narrative Review

Abstract

Ebola virus disease remains a formidable zoonotic infection marked by severe hematologic disturbances and high case fatality. Beyond its well-known hemorrhagic manifestations, EVD is characterized by complex coagulopathy, platelet dysfunction, endothelial injury, and immune dysregulation, which together drive disease severity and poor outcomes. This narrative review highlights the hematologic mechanisms underlying EVD pathogenesis, including disseminated intravascular coagulation, cytokine-driven vascular leakage, and bone marrow suppression, while discussing their clinical and diagnostic implications. In parallel, we examine recent public health innovations—from rapid diagnostics and monoclonal antibody therapies to ring vaccination and AI-assisted surveillance—that have transformed outbreak preparedness and response. By integrating hematologic insights with advances in public health interventions, this review underscores the critical need for multidisciplinary strategies to reduce mortality, improve patient management, and prevent future Ebola outbreaks.